In the late 1990's, emotional intelligence (EIQ) was one of the hottest
buzz-phrases in contemporary psychology. In the business world, it
became a hot topic, largely due to one author's claim that a high EIQ
was one of the best predictors of success in the workplace. In his 1995
book, Emotional Intelligence, Why it Can Matter More than IQ,
author Daniel Goleman used an early definition by researcher Peter
Salovey which stated that the construct of EIQ includes knowing one's
emotions, emotional self-control, motivation and persistence,
recognizing emotions of others, and successfully handling relationships.
Goleman made some very strong statements in his book, including the
suggestion that EIQ is one of the main keys to success in life. He
implied that emotional intelligence is at the root of many of life's
puzzles. Why are some smart people unsuccessful? Why do certain
individuals strike out at others in a violent manner? Why do some excel
at managing people while others struggle? He hinted that EIQ was an
answer to all these, and many others, of life's questions.
Since the birth of the concept in a 1985 thesis by Wayne Leon Payne,
researchers have been working to discover what factors play a part in
emotional intelligence. Many conceptions of emotional intelligence are
divided into two main parts; aspects related to understanding and
dealing with one's own emotions, and those related to understanding the
emotions of others and handling social interactions. For many prominent
EIQ researchers, including most notably Goleman and Reuven Bar-on, the
construct also includes broader traits such as motivation, interpersonal
and other personal attributes (this is often called a mixed model).
For others, including Peter Salovey and John Meyer and their colleagues,
the latest models of EIQ are strictly related to the test-taker's
abilities in this area (often called an ability model). Like the
classical notion of intelligence, they feel that emotional intelligence
is a cognitive ability that can be accurately and concretely defined and
measured.
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